business_law_business_plan


 

Business Plan for Start-Up IT Firm

The College of St Scholastica

Ekta Gupta

20 June 2013


 

            I am planning to open a software consultancy business in Minnesota. I (Ekta), my spouse (Vivek) and John will be the owners of the firm. John will participate in investing in business only which will be declared in voting rights section of operating agreement that:

·         John will not be entitled to take any managerial decision and will be contributing to business with his investments only

·          However John can give suggestions which,  Ekta and Vivek , will not be obligated to follow.

·         Ekta and Vivek will be involved in of all kind of decisions for business.

·         Profits will be distributed as 40 percent to Ekta, 40 to Vivek and 20 Percent to John. If John brings in some client then Ekta and Vivek may consider in sharing some profits but they are legally not obligated to do so. My husband is highly skilled in software development who has several connection with some software firms and know some clients who need consultants (Strategy Planning). We have sufficient funds to start the business and would be taking some personal debt from our parents. I am planning to register the company as a Limited Liability company (LLC). LLC will give us a corporate veil i.e. limited liability and protection of personal assets. LLC is not treated as separate entity hence double taxation won’t be applicable on it, all loss and profits will pass through to owners i.e. to us. As I wanted to divide the profits in the manner they seem fit to us, LLC gives us opportunity doing so and this profit sharing flexibility make LLC a better choice over S-corp where S-corps has no flexibility in how profits are split up amongst its owners since S-Corp has to divide the profit in the proportion of their stock shares.

            Today I foresee doing most of business in Minnesota only, hence state of organization for my business will be Minnesota only. Crucial Forms for to set up an LLC are: :Articles of Organization” and “Operating Agreements”. Articles of Organization must set forth:

·         Name of LLC

·         Address of LLC initial office

·         Name and address of each organizer

·         Whether LLC is manager managed and if yes then name and address of each manager.

·         Whether any member is personally liable for the LLC’s debt and obligations

·         The duration of existence of LLC

·         the name and address of the LLC’s registered agent

Articles of organization should be filed at secretary state office of Minnesota. (http://www.sos.state.mn.us/).

Second I will choose to file for operating agreement, which is an agreement among Limited Liability Company ("LLC") Members governing the LLC's business, and member's financial and managerial rights and duties. Minnesota doesn’t require an LLC to have an operating agreement though. As LLCs operating without an Operating Agreement are governed by the State's default rules contained in the relevant statute and developed through state court decisions, therefore I prefer to have one of my own operational agreements where we can contract the conditions as per our own agreements.

Name of consultancy will be “Integral Software Developers LLC”. I am thinking to trademark it. A trademark is a brand name which includes any word, name, symbol, device, or any combination, used or intended to be used to identify and distinguish the goods/services of one seller or provider from those of others, and to indicate the source of the goods/services. Trademarks are governed by federal law, state law, and common law, a thorough search as to the availability of a mark is very important. I will be making sure whether this name is not already occupied by some other company. I can confirm it with the help of following links:         

·         USPTO search: http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/index.jsp

·          www.google.com


Back in October of 2011, Chicago-based Timelines.com, which lets users to create interactive “timelines” based on historical events, sued Facebook for trademark infringement just weeks after Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg unveiled the new Timeline profile page at the company’s f8 conference. Such incidents confirm though it’s really a tedious yet compulsory task confirming the trademark and logo are not being used already otherwise it can bring a huge monetary loss even.

I am also in process of developing a logo for the company and planning to trademark that as well. Trademark lifetime is forever.  Name, symbol, logos, great ideas, inventions are intellectual properties which are intangible and need a greater protection than tangible goods. Trademark, patent, trade secret and copyright provide propriety ownership for the registered intellectual property. One of our foreseen clients needs a tool which can compare the differences in XML files and captures them in a word document. If we will be able to develop it we are planning to patent the tool. Patent would authorize me with exclusive rights for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. I can find patent details on following websites:



Another intellectual property Infringement where Macy's Kohl’s, Gap, J.C. Penney, Niemen Marcus and Nordstrom facing patent infringement lawsuit over search-engine technology. Smart Search Concepts LLC, a Southampton, New York–based Company that owns the rights to a pair of search-engine patents issued in 2007 and 2009 has sued them. The company's lawsuit alleges that Macy’s and Bloomingdale’s violated its “search-on-the-fly” technology by setting up websites that let consumers search for merchandise with keywords, drop-down menus and database queries that allow users to refine their searches in multiple steps. (http://www.wcpo.com/dpp/money/business_news/macys-m-facing-patent-infringement-lawsuit-over-search-engine-technology#ixzz2Y1L3s52F.)

In this fast growing global technological world, keeping track of all the technical inventions

(Which are mushrooming in this era) is a challenging task which can’t be bypassed or ignored because of these intellectual properties protections which are in compliance to ethical business practice. Intellectual properties’ allocations and assignments seems intricate task to me and I really like to get it done through a lawyer.

            At start, I am planning to hire consultants only so that I can be free from employee tax and employee insurance and lot other formalities I would have to go through if I go for hiring an employee. Later on as I find myself more settled down in this business, I will plan to hire some employees. Minnesota have The Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) is a federal tax credit available to all private sector businesses as an incentive to employers to hire workers in certain groups who consistently experience high rates of unemployment. I will keep it in my mind while planning for employee recruitment. I will also make sure my foreign workers’ hiring is proper as per immigration laws and the rules defined at http://www.positivelyminnesota.com/Business/Finding_Workers/Hiring_Foreign_Workers/Foreign_Labor_Certification_Program.aspx. I am thrilled by the fact that 93 percent of the total population would prefer to spend money with businesses that hire people who have disabilities, according to a national survey cited by Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP). It sounds going with my objective of returning back to society and giving equal opportunity to everyone. Businesses come into existence for profit however I believe following ethics and being human always bring fruits to anything you do and I would plan for some charity out of the profits we make each year.

            Businesses need to deal with disputes within and outside organizations. I will write in my company policies and contract that whoever will be involved in business with us, is legally bounded to settle the disputes through either non - binding arbitration at Conflict Resolution Ctr  (2101 Hennepin Ave # 100, Minneapolis, MN 55405) or in state court of Minnesota if arbitration doesn’t resolves the conflict between the parties. Arbitration gives Speedier resolution and less costly. I am not in favor of binding arbitration as it might sound partial to the parties.

It’s important to let employees/consultants know the contractual agreement they need to follow while working with us as these agreements attributes right and responsibilities between parties to a bargain. Following will be the agreement I am planning to get signed by each consultant:

1)      Employee non-disclosure agreement

A non-disclosure agreement (NDA), also known confidential disclosure agreement (CDA), is a legal contract between at least two parties that outlines confidential material, knowledge, or information that the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes, but wish to restrict access to or by third parties.

2)      Employee non –compete agreement

A non-compete clause (often NCC), under which one party (usually an employee) agrees not to enter into or start a similar profession or trade in competition against another party (usually the employer). Employee/consultants won’t be allowed to work under any of my current client and my future clients I am involved in bargaining. 

3)      Employee Agreement.

There will be certain office polices that will be defined in employee’s handbook and consultants/employees are legally bounded to follow them

4)      Employment at will

Employment-at-will defines Employment relationship in which either party can immediately terminate the relationship at any time with or without any advance warning.


 

While contracting with my client I will be making sure that I am not violating any anti-trust policy and not involved with them in any price fixing and price discrimination. Robison-Patman Act protects price discrimination. Though I can defense price discrimination if I can justify the cost difference such as consultant with upcoming or challenging technologies are expensive than those work on well-known technologies.

Microsoft recently been fined for price fixing of its office Home and Student 2007 http://www.tomshardware.com/news/Microsoft-office-2007-price-fixing,7508.html

Conspiracies to monopolizes trade are illegal against section 2 of Sherman act by which I cannot bribe or use some unethical ways to get all business of a client and try to monopolize them in unethical ways. Apple got sued in 2008 for monopolizing the online music (http://www.informationweek.com/antitrust-lawsuit-charges-apple-with-mon/205207895)

I need to keep in mind certain other Labor standards law such as salary should be above the minimum wages range, overtime (work more than 40 hours) should be paid. Under occupational safety I will make sure that work place is free from any dangers and risks such organizing fire-drill frequently.

My friend who owns a saloon fired an employee (with the authority of Employment at will agreement) due to suspicion of theft. The fired employees went to Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED) and sued my friend with the charges of gender and race discrimination. Therefore I will also be making sure I should be taking precautionary measures while recruiting consultant and my recruit process and my behavior with them should be free from any discriminate behavior. Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) prohibit discrimination in hiring and employment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity by civilian, nonreligious employers with at least 15 employees. DEED policies protecting from any violations of Equal opportunity rules and policies in Minnesota can be found at http://www.positivelyminnesota.com/Equal_Opportunity.aspx.

The United States federal laws protect against employment discrimination when the grounds for such an exclusion is not related to the requirements of the position, and protected characteristics may include age, disability, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, height, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, skin color, and weight.

Starbucks has been penalized to pay $75,000 To U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Settle Disability Discrimination Suit when Elsa Sallard, whose stature is small due to dwarfism, was denied an opportunity to work (http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/8-18-11.cfm )

            After big financial fraud like Enron and WorldCom , sarbanes-oxley Act got in place which prompts Public companies to adopt code of ethics which is to make sure that companies are not falsely manipulating their statement and doing real good to stockholders. There is so much to look through in business I never thought of.  Executions of business have lot more to take care of other than loss and Profits. Business ethics need to be in mind while doing any transaction. Business runs on People i.e. customers. Losing their trust is the biggest lost any business can suffer.


 

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